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IDLE is the Python IDE built with the tkinter GUI toolkit.

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IDLE has the following features:

  • coded in 100% pure Python, using the tkinter GUI toolkit
  • cross-platform: works on Windows, Unix, and Mac OS X
  • multi-window text editor with multiple undo, Python colorizing,smart indent, call tips, and many other features
  • Python shell window (a.k.a. interactive interpreter)
  • debugger (not complete, but you can set breakpoints, view and step)

25.5.1. Menus¶

IDLE has two main window types, the Shell window and the Editor window. It ispossible to have multiple editor windows simultaneously. Output windows, suchas used for Edit / Find in Files, are a subtype of edit window. They currentlyhave the same top menu as Editor windows but a different default title andcontext menu.

IDLE’s menus dynamically change based on which window is currently selected.Each menu documented below indicates which window type it is associated with.Click on the dotted line at the top of a menu to “tear it off”: a separatewindow containing the menu is created (for Unix and Windows only).

25.5.1.1. File menu (Shell and Editor)¶

New File
Create a new file editing window.
Open...
Open an existing file with an Open dialog.
Recent Files
Open a list of recent files. Click one to open it.
Open Module...
Open an existing module (searches sys.path).
Class Browser
Show functions, classes, and methods in the current Editor file in atree structure. In the shell, open a module first.
Path Browser
Show sys.path directories, modules, functions, classes and methods in atree structure.
Save
Save the current window to the associated file, if there is one. Windowsthat have been changed since being opened or last saved have a * beforeand after the window title. If there is no associated file,do Save As instead.
Save As...
Save the current window with a Save As dialog. The file saved becomes thenew associated file for the window.
Save Copy As...
Save the current window to different file without changing the associatedfile.
Print Window
Print the current window to the default printer.
Close
Close the current window (ask to save if unsaved).
Exit
Close all windows and quit IDLE (ask to save unsaved windows).

25.5.1.2. Edit menu (Shell and Editor)¶

Undo
Undo the last change to the current window. A maximum of 1000 changes maybe undone.
Redo
Redo the last undone change to the current window.
Cut
Copy selection into the system-wide clipboard; then delete the selection.
Copy
Copy selection into the system-wide clipboard.
Paste
Insert contents of the system-wide clipboard into the current window.

The clipboard functions are also available in context menus.

Select All
Select the entire contents of the current window.
Find...
Open a search dialog with many options
Find Again
Repeat the last search, if there is one.
Find Selection
Search for the currently selected string, if there is one.
Find in Files...
Open a file search dialog. Put results in an new output window.
Replace...
Open a search-and-replace dialog.
Go to Line
Move cursor to the line number requested and make that line visible.
Show Completions
Open a scrollable list allowing selection of keywords and attributes. SeeCompletions in the Tips sections below.
Expand Word
Expand a prefix you have typed to match a full word in the same window;repeat to get a different expansion.
Show call tip
After an unclosed parenthesis for a function, open a small window withfunction parameter hints.
Show surrounding parens
Highlight the surrounding parenthesis.

25.5.1.3. Format menu (Editor window only)¶

Indent Region
Shift selected lines right by the indent width (default 4 spaces).
Dedent Region
Shift selected lines left by the indent width (default 4 spaces).
Comment Out Region
Insert ## in front of selected lines.
Uncomment Region
Remove leading # or ## from selected lines.
Tabify Region
Turn leading stretches of spaces into tabs. (Note: We recommend using4 space blocks to indent Python code.)
Untabify Region
Turn all tabs into the correct number of spaces.
Toggle Tabs
Open a dialog to switch between indenting with spaces and tabs.
New Indent Width
Open a dialog to change indent width. The accepted default by the Pythoncommunity is 4 spaces.
Format Paragraph
Reformat the current blank-line-delimited paragraph in comment block ormultiline string or selected line in a string. All lines in theparagraph will be formatted to less than N columns, where N defaults to 72.
Strip trailing whitespace
Remove any space characters after the last non-space character of a line.

25.5.1.4. Run menu (Editor window only)¶

Python Shell
Open or wake up the Python Shell window.
Check Module
Check the syntax of the module currently open in the Editor window. If themodule has not been saved IDLE will either prompt the user to save orautosave, as selected in the General tab of the Idle Settings dialog. Ifthere is a syntax error, the approximate location is indicated in theEditor window.
Run Module
Do Check Module (above). If no error, restart the shell to clean theenvironment, then execute the module.

25.5.1.5. Shell menu (Shell window only)¶

View Last Restart
Scroll the shell window to the last Shell restart.
Restart Shell
Restart the shell to clean the environment.

25.5.1.6. Debug menu (Shell window only)¶

Go to File/Line
Look on the current line. with the cursor, and the line above for a filenameand line number. If found, open the file if not already open, and show theline. Use this to view source lines referenced in an exception tracebackand lines found by Find in Files. Also available in the context menu ofthe Shell window and Output windows.
Debugger (toggle)
When actived, code entered in the Shell or run from an Editor will rununder the debugger. In the Editor, breakpoints can be set with the contextmenu. This feature is still incomplete and somewhat experimental.
Stack Viewer
Show the stack traceback of the last exception in a tree widget, withaccess to locals and globals.
Auto-open Stack Viewer
Toggle automatically opening the stack viewer on an unhandled exception.

25.5.1.7. Options menu (Shell and Editor)¶

Configure IDLE
Open a configuration dialog. Fonts, indentation, keybindings, and colorthemes may be altered. Startup Preferences may be set, and additionalhelp sources can be specified. Non-default user setting are saved in a.idlerc directory in the user’s home directory. Problems caused by bad userconfiguration files are solved by editing or deleting one or more of thefiles in .idlerc.
Configure Extensions
Open a configuration dialog for setting preferences for extensions(discussed below). See note above about the location of user settings.
Code Context (toggle)(Editor Window only)
Open a pane at the top of the edit window which shows the block contextof the code which has scrolled above the top of the window.

25.5.1.8. Window menu (Shell and Editor)¶

Zoom Height
Toggles the window between normal size and maximum height. The initial sizedefaults to 40 lines by 80 chars unless changed on the General tab of theConfigure IDLE dialog.

The rest of this menu lists the names of all open windows; select one to bringit to the foreground (deiconifying it if necessary).

25.5.1.9. Help menu (Shell and Editor)¶

About IDLE
Display version, copyright, license, credits, and more.
IDLE Help
Display a help file for IDLE detailing the menu options, basic editing andnavigation, and other tips.
Python Docs
Access local Python documentation, if installed, or start a web browserand open docs.python.org showing the latest Python documentation.
Turtle Demo
Run the turtledemo module with example python code and turtle drawings.

Additional help sources may be added here with the Configure IDLE dialog underthe General tab.

25.5.1.10. Context Menus¶

Open a context menu by right-clicking in a window (Control-click on OS X).Context menus have the standard clipboard functions also on the Edit menu.

Cut
Copy selection into the system-wide clipboard; then delete the selection.
Copy
Copy selection into the system-wide clipboard.
Paste
Insert contents of the system-wide clipboard into the current window.

Editor windows also have breakpoint functions. Lines with a breakpoint set arespecially marked. Breakpoints only have an effect when running under thedebugger. Breakpoints for a file are saved in the user’s .idlerc directory.

Set Breakpoint
Set a breakpoint on the current line.
Clear Breakpoint
Clear the breakpoint on that line.

Shell and Output windows have the following.

Go to file/line
Same as in Debug menu.

25.5.2. Editing and navigation¶

In this section, ‘C’ refers to the Control key on Windows and Unix andthe Command key on Mac OSX.

  • Backspace deletes to the left; Del deletes to the right

  • C-Backspace delete word left; C-Del delete word to the right

  • Arrow keys and PageUp/PageDown to move around

  • C-LeftArrow and C-RightArrow moves by words

  • Home/End go to begin/end of line

  • C-Home/C-End go to begin/end of file

  • Some useful Emacs bindings are inherited from Tcl/Tk:

    • C-a beginning of line
    • C-e end of line
    • C-k kill line (but doesn’t put it in clipboard)
    • C-l center window around the insertion point
    • C-b go backwards one character without deleting (usually you canalso use the cursor key for this)
    • C-f go forward one character without deleting (usually you canalso use the cursor key for this)
    • C-p go up one line (usually you can also use the cursor key forthis)
    • C-d delete next character

Standard keybindings (like C-c to copy and C-v to paste)may work. Keybindings are selected in the Configure IDLE dialog.

25.5.2.1. Automatic indentation¶

After a block-opening statement, the next line is indented by 4 spaces (in thePython Shell window by one tab). After certain keywords (break, return etc.)the next line is dedented. In leading indentation, Backspace deletes upto 4 spaces if they are there. Tab inserts spaces (in the PythonShell window one tab), number depends on Indent width. Currently tabsare restricted to four spaces due to Tcl/Tk limitations.

See also the indent/dedent region commands in the edit menu.

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25.5.2.2. Completions¶

Completions are supplied for functions, classes, and attributes of classes,both built-in and user-defined. Completions are also provided forfilenames.

The AutoCompleteWindow (ACW) will open after a predefined delay (default istwo seconds) after a ‘.’ or (in a string) an os.sep is typed. If after oneof those characters (plus zero or more other characters) a tab is typedthe ACW will open immediately if a possible continuation is found.

If there is only one possible completion for the characters entered, aTab will supply that completion without opening the ACW.

‘Show Completions’ will force open a completions window, by default theC-space will open a completions window. In an emptystring, this will contain the files in the current directory. On ablank line, it will contain the built-in and user-defined functions andclasses in the current name spaces, plus any modules imported. If somecharacters have been entered, the ACW will attempt to be more specific.

If a string of characters is typed, the ACW selection will jump to theentry most closely matching those characters. Entering a tab willcause the longest non-ambiguous match to be entered in the Editor window orShell. Two tab in a row will supply the current ACW selection, aswill return or a double click. Cursor keys, Page Up/Down, mouse selection,and the scroll wheel all operate on the ACW.

“Hidden” attributes can be accessed by typing the beginning of hiddenname after a ‘.’, e.g. ‘_’. This allows access to modules with__all__ set, or to class-private attributes.

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Completions and the ‘Expand Word’ facility can save a lot of typing!

Completions are currently limited to those in the namespaces. Names inan Editor window which are not via __main__ and sys.modules willnot be found. Run the module once with your imports to correct this situation.Note that IDLE itself places quite a few modules in sys.modules, somuch can be found by default, e.g. the re module.

If you don’t like the ACW popping up unbidden, simply make the delaylonger or disable the extension. Or another option is the delay couldbe set to zero. Another alternative to preventing ACW popups is todisable the call tips extension.

25.5.2.3. Python Shell window¶

  • C-c interrupts executing command

  • C-d sends end-of-file; closes window if typed at a >>> prompt

  • Alt-/ (Expand word) is also useful to reduce typing

    Command history

    • Alt-p retrieves previous command matching what you have typed. OnOS X use C-p.
    • Alt-n retrieves next. On OS X use C-n.
    • Return while on any previous command retrieves that command

25.5.3. Syntax colors¶

The coloring is applied in a background “thread,” so you may occasionally seeuncolorized text. To change the color scheme, edit the [Colors] section inconfig.txt.

Python syntax colors:
Keywords
orange
Strings
green
Comments
red
Definitions
blue
Shell colors:
Console output
brown
stdout
blue
stderr
dark green
stdin
black

25.5.4. Startup¶

Upon startup with the -s option, IDLE will execute the file referenced bythe environment variables IDLESTARTUP or PYTHONSTARTUP.IDLE first checks for IDLESTARTUP; if IDLESTARTUP is present the filereferenced is run. If IDLESTARTUP is not present, IDLE checks forPYTHONSTARTUP. Files referenced by these environment variables areconvenient places to store functions that are used frequently from the IDLEshell, or for executing import statements to import common modules.

In addition, Tk also loads a startup file if it is present. Note that theTk file is loaded unconditionally. This additional file is .Idle.py and islooked for in the user’s home directory. Statements in this file will beexecuted in the Tk namespace, so this file is not useful for importingfunctions to be used from IDLE’s Python shell.

25.5.4.1. Command line usage¶

If there are arguments:

  1. If -e is used, arguments are files opened for editing andsys.argv reflects the arguments passed to IDLE itself.
  2. Otherwise, if -c is used, all arguments are placed insys.argv[1:...], with sys.argv[0] set to '-c'.
  3. Otherwise, if neither -e nor -c is used, the firstargument is a script which is executed with the remaining arguments insys.argv[1:...] and sys.argv[0] set to the script name. If thescript name is ‘-‘, no script is executed but an interactive Python sessionis started; the arguments are still available in sys.argv.

25.5.4.2. Running without a subprocess¶

If IDLE is started with the -n command line switch it will run in asingle process and will not create the subprocess which runs the RPCPython execution server. This can be useful if Python cannot createthe subprocess or the RPC socket interface on your platform. However,in this mode user code is not isolated from IDLE itself. Also, theenvironment is not restarted when Run/Run Module (F5) is selected. Ifyour code has been modified, you must reload() the affected modules andre-import any specific items (e.g. from foo import baz) if the changesare to take effect. For these reasons, it is preferable to run IDLEwith the default subprocess if at all possible.

25.5.5. Help and preferences¶

25.5.5.1. Additional help sources¶

IDLE includes a help menu entry called “Python Docs” that will open theextensive sources of help, including tutorials, available at docs.python.org.Selected URLs can be added or removed from the help menu at any time using theConfigure IDLE dialog. See the IDLE help option in the help menu of IDLE formore information.

25.5.5.2. Setting preferences¶

The font preferences, highlighting, keys, and general preferences can bechanged via Configure IDLE on the Option menu. Keys can be user defined;IDLE ships with four built in key sets. In addition a user can create acustom key set in the Configure IDLE dialog under the keys tab.

25.5.5.3. Extensions¶

IDLE contains an extension facility. Peferences for extensions can bechanged with Configure Extensions. See the beginning of config-extensions.defin the idlelib directory for further information. The default extensionsare currently:

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  • FormatParagraph
  • AutoExpand
  • ZoomHeight
  • ScriptBinding
  • CallTips
  • ParenMatch
  • AutoComplete
  • CodeContext
  • RstripExtension